Avoiding Stereotypes of Muslim Women in E-Learning Solutions with Saeide Mirzaei

Luis Malbas  
All right, so third session we have Saeide Mirzaei ie here to talk about avoiding stereotypes of Muslim women and elearning sesh solutions. And a little bit about site SID is an Iranian instructional designer and accessibility specialist. She has an MFA in Creative Writing, and a PhD in English. I love that background. By the way, I was like, Oh, wow, brilliant. In her interdisciplinary doctoral dissertation site a critically analyze the representations of Muslims in legal political and public discourses in the United States. Drawing on her knowledge of various topics, and cognitive linguistics, cultural studies, Communication Studies, Disability Studies and other disciplines cited continues to advocate for diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging and l&d spaces, and eLearning solutions. And we absolutely need that say it is. So thank you so much for for, for taking that on. And with that, I'm going to go and hide myself from the screen and let you take it away.

Saeide Mirzaei  
Thank you. So I'm quickly going to share my screen.

So just give me a second. So hi, everyone. And thank you for joining me in this session. And thank you to DC and for giving me this platform and providing me with the opportunity to be here. I'm delighted to be here to discussing the topic of avoiding stereotypes of Muslim women in eLearning solutions. A little bit about me. My name is Sadie, my pronouns are she her. I'm a cisgender. Woman from Iran. I have shorter length, dark, black curly hair, I have brown eyes, Oliver skin, I look so white in these slides. And I have black green rimmed glasses, I'm wearing a cherry colored share shirt. And behind me you can see probably you can see some plants and a very tall bookcase full of books. Before I start, I also want to say Ramadan Kareem to those of you who observed this holy month. So in today's session, we'll be taking a closer look at SU typing was around women in elearning content will discuss understanding so your types, what they are, how they work, we will then talk about common stereotypes of Muslim women and how they can impact our learners and the broader community. Then we'll look at some of the most common pitfalls in elearning content. And I'll share tips on how you can avoid these mistakes. And then I have an activity for us. It's an example of an elearning content about communication. And that we can analyze and talk about how we can be build it. And then finally, I will close with sharing some resources and recommendations. So firstly, let's make sure that we are on the same page when when we say stereotypes in the chat. I want to hear what do you think so your types are and how they work? So again, what do you think so your types are and how do they work?

And I know that there's going to be some delay, I've been warned about that. The cognitive shorthand, Bridgette that condenses complex concepts into simplistic forums. Very good, excellent, harmful beliefs about a group Simone Hi, Simone. Bias flog beliefs about the other or others and their assumptions, their preconceived ideas. Rebecca about a person based on their culture, look background gender. And Nancy says assumptions about individuals based on perceptions of broad group traits or patterns. Descriptions of groups of people, Allison says, stereotypes are generalizations based on limited characteristic that work to create a cognitive shorthand and they work to help people collect information. I love these responses. You guys are doing my work for me so I won't have to give you this presentation anymore. preconceived biases. These are great, thank you. So with that, maybe I will end the session here. These were good answers. It seems like we're So first know what stereotypes are. But just to give you my own definition. So stereotypes are over generalizations, as many of you pointed out, there are there, there are many theories of stereotypes and we don't have to cover we don't have time to cover them. But most scholars believe that stereotypes are when we generalize about a particular social social group based on assumptions and incomplete or inaccurate information. And when we generalize, we don't take into account the individuality of people who identify with that particular group. And we don't take into account the diversity within that group. That's why stereotypes are misleading and harmful. For example, and this came up in Bella session, I think women are often in the chat, it came up in the chat women are often stereotyped as being overly emotional, and as being incapable of behaving rationally, which is inaccurate because emotions and rationality are not mutually exclusive. And it's a very harmful stereotype because it perpetuates gender bias and undermines women's competence and credibility. And so how are stereotypes developed, they are created when we repeatedly see or hear, or expose or are exposed to the same narrow ideas, images and narratives about a group of people. These ideas then become part of our subconscious minds. And we don't even realize that that's happening. So when we grow up, for example, when we grow up surrounded by images, stories, and other verbal or nonverbal representations, that women being portrayed as irrational or incapable of controlling their emotions, and these messages, these images, they become deeply rooted in our subconscious memories, even when we consciously reject them. And that is where the Danger Danger of stereotypes lies. The danger of stereotypes is that they become so deeply rooted in our subconscious minds, memories that we, when we consciously reject them, they still exist, they are operating below the level of our consciousness below that threshold of our notice, we may or may not be acting upon them. But whether we act upon them or not, that depends on our level of self awareness how much we have consciously worked on ourselves to address our cognitive biases to challenge the stereotypes that we've been exposed to constantly throughout our lives. And finally, how stereotypes work. In order to understand that I need to explain this distinction between activation of stereotypes and application of them. So as I said, we have these deeply rooted ideas about social groups in our subconscious mind, every time that we encounter or think of a person who identifies with that particular group, those are stereotypes, they are getting activated below our level of consciousness. So activation means when we automatically assign certain characteristics to someone, just based on the social group that they belong to, or that they identify with. And this is happening subconsciously. So activation of stereotypes, they happening subconsciously, but they can impact how we perceive a person, how we behave towards them. The decisions every decision that we make when we're interacting with that person, when we're writing stories about them, we'll be talking about them, but recruiting content that includes these people, people from those social groups, all our behaviors and decisions, verbal or nonverbal, can be impacted by activation stereotypes. So I'm going to give you an example. As an instructional designer, let's say I'm working on creating a course about on customer service. So the course topic is how to interact with an angry customer. The lesson is about interacting with an angry customer, and I want to be inclusive, so I decided, You know what, I'm going to include a Muslim woman character in this scenario. At that moment, when I think of an a Muslim woman. And when I when I say Imagine a Muslim woman in my head, the stereotypes of Muslim women, they the doors that I've seen and heard my entire life, they are being activated in my subconscious mind. And I'm not aware of it happening, but they're there. And they can impact how I represent that Muslim woman character. So my intention is good. But I want to be inclusive, but those deeply rooted misconceptions and stereotypes are getting in the way. But so that's activation. And the good news is that activation is not the end of the line. After activation comes stereotype application. Application means when we actually act upon the activated stereotypes. To make that clear, I'll give you an example. A communist stereotype of Muslim men or Muslim presenting men is that they're either terrorists or they have extremist ideologies, ideas. So let's say I'm a TSA screener at an airport, and I see a Muslim presenting man coming through. And that stereotype is Get Tested it subconsciously and without knowing it, I start associating this Muslim man with terrorism with 911 with hijacking with violence. And I'm not consciously thinking about this, but those stereotypes are activated. Aptly application would be if I as the TSA screener singled out this Muslim man or Muslim presenting man for body search, I'm letting everyone else go through, I just single out this man. And I have no other reason no other valid reason to stop this person and body search them. That's application, both of these processes activation on application or subconscious. So we're not aware of them. And that is exactly why we need to talk about stereotypes. So now I want to talk about some common stereotypes of Muslim women. But I'm sorry, I see that there's a lot happening in the chat. I'm just not a very good multitasker. So in the chat, please tell me. What do you think are some of the most common stereotypes of Muslim women that we see in media?

Oh, Christina says she told me sorry, this happen with the TSA. Oh, wow. Okay. And he jabi Bella says, like, a communist stereotype is that they all wear hijab. They're all people of color. They're docile, homemakers, they shy doorman, submissive, weak. All right, you guys. I'm just doing my job. Thank you. subservient, oppressed. Excellent. These are great. Thank you so much. So as we can see in the chat, there are many stereotypes of Muslim women. And they're perpetuated through media or literature, arts, and we can focus on them. So I've selected just those that I think are most common, and they can be divided. Kaylynn says, we often see Muslim women portrayed as oppressed very submissive, excellent. And so there are I would say that there are four main categories that stereotypes of Muslim women fall into. So the first is the sexualized woman of the Orient, the oppressed Muslim woman, the militant Muslim woman, and the misogynistic Muslim woman. So the sexualized woman of the orient this stereotype portrays Muslim women as exotic objects, beautiful objects of desire, and the veil that some women wear is it's been used to enhance this stereotype, creating this aura of mystery and intrigue around them. This is a stereotype that is actually related to the history of colonialism in Muslim Societies and the portrayal of Muslim people as exotic, mysterious and yet inferior. Which created this type of fascination with with the Orient or with the Muslim world, and was often expressed in the form of Orientalist art and literature that portrays Muslim women as sensual, mysterious and available to the Western men get male gaze. And the second stereotype the oppressed Muslim woman, a stereotype portrays Muslim women as passive as many of you have pointed out as passive, submissive, inactive, lacking agency and how Are you lead dependent on other people and incapable of managing their own lives? As one of my favorite Scott scholars Edward side has beautifully shown in his work. And Muslim women have been a particular focus of Orientalist representations. And they've been portrayed as passive and oppressed victims of a patriarchal or repressive cultures. And it's important to realize that this particular stereotype of being oppressed and submissive it's been used by Western powers to justify colonialism and military intervention and cultural imperialism. For example, after 911 This particular stereotype of women as being oppressed victims, and in need of liberation from from their male oppressors, it was used by the US states to justify the war on terror and military intervention in Afghanistan. And then the violence Muslim woman stereotype is is a particularly damaging and hurtful one. It portrays Muslim women as inherently violent and aggressive, and it is rooted in a complex web of gendered Islamophobia, which depicts Muslim women as both exotic and dangerous. And this stereotype is also linked to the veil. So women who wear the veil or the veil is seen as a symbol of oppression, but also aggression. And then finally, the misogynistic Muslim woman stereotype. It suggests that was when women are not only oppressed by men, but they are also enabling their own oppressors, and they are perpetuating the oppression by enforcing patriarchal values on onto other women. So women, Muslim women are holding back other women. And this portrayal is just wrong, in so many ways ignores the agency of Muslim women, it fails to recognize that many Muslim women are actively engaged in feminist movements and advocating for gender equal equality. So it's a very harmful stereotype. It makes it difficult for Muslim women to be recognized as leaders, and changemakers in their own communities. So I want to I want us to talk really quickly about the impact of stereotypes on Muslim women. What do you think are some of the most common impacts of the stereotypes of these stereotypes that we covered on Muslim women?

There might be some delay. Oh, wow. Okay. Um, all right. So profiling, excellent, very good. condescend condescension, and PDA, not getting leadership lowers excellence and discrimination, violence, exclusion, reduction of their perceived competence. Excellent. I'm loving this, again. You are doing my job for me. So I can actually move quickly because I have a lot of ground to cover. And that reminds me, I apologize if I'm talking fast. I don't want to go over time. being left out of conversations. Excellent. Where they could bring more value to the discussion. Excellent. Yes, exactly. So um, I have listed here, four main impacts. The pace is working for me. Thank you, Christina. Alright, so marginalization and exclusion, as many of you wrote in the chat stereotypes. Stereotypes can marginalize and exclude stereotypes are reductionist in nature and that academic jargon simply means that stereotypes create a narrow picture a narrow view of Muslim women, and they constrain them within a limited frame of expectations, confine them to a box that restricts their full expression of social cultural, and economic diversity and their identities. And that can lead to marginalization and exclusion of Muslim women from leadership roles from employment from education opportunities. And then the second And is discrimination and harassment. Again, as it was mentioned in the chat stereotypes can lead to discrimination and harassment in various forms. They can be verbal abuse, physical violence. That's especially for women who wear different forms of hijab, they can be more vulnerable to physical and verbal forms of violence and subjected to harassment and discrimination. The next impact is internalization of negative beliefs. And that is true about all stereotypes. So stereotypes can cause internalization of negative beliefs. And that means that over time, when when when you're exposed to negative stereotypes, it can lead to internalizing those beliefs. So for Muslim women that can that can mean self doubt that can mean disconnection from their cultural heritage. And then finally, reduce agency and autonomy. Stereotypes, can they they perpetuate the idea that Muslim women are passive and lack agency and highly dependent on other people, which can result in them being excluded from decision making processes that directly or indirectly impact their own lives? Which can which can have negative consequences on their personal and professional lives? So before I get to the elearning part, I have another question for you. So why do you think we as l&d professionals should care? And please respond in the chat and if you're here, if you ask me, I would say the smile on this woman's face is worth it is worth caring and doing the work. But and also, if you're here, I'm assuming that you care and you want to learn, and you know why this matters. So I want to know, why are you here? Why do you care? Why do you think we should care? representation matters. Very good. We are advocates for all learners. Oh, I love that. Wendy. We should care to develop all learners. Excellent, very good. We need to build psychologically safe environments for learners beautifully said better. Creating content that is more inclusive, but doesn't accidentally offend. That's a very good point. Oh, wow. Okay, where was that? Kelly? You Yes, very good. We should care. We make a psychological safe, very good, equal access to learning love that. We want people to feel included, feel as seen head. Alright, again, so many great responses here. We should be careful not to cause harm through our content and delivery. That's Gwen. Beautifully said. Thank you so much. And I apologize if I can read all the comments. And these are great comments. So I have prepared. And I love that the response in the chat covered most of what I'm going to say, but I have prepared and three arguments. The first one is the moral arguments and stereotypes are so deeply ingrained in our conscious and subconscious, that it's important to challenge them to disrupt them. If we care about creating more inclusive and equitable learning solutions, equitable societies, and how that can be achieved. It can be achieved through education, through exposure to stories through exposure to diverse representations of Muslim women through challenging stereotypes. And that is precisely where I think we as l&d professionals come in. We have the power to shape the minds of our learners. And we can create a more inclusive world by shaping the mind of our learners. With great responsibility comes great. With great power comes great responsibility, right? Or as we say in Farsi on casket. quadrat. Dora masliah Tara, this translates into the de who have who hold power hold responsibility. So in my humble opinion, we should care because we have a moral responsibility to do this work. The second one is the ID pleasing argument or the instructional designer pleasing argument. As learning professionals, we understand the importance of inclusive inclusive education, as many of you mentioned in the comments. So we know that stereotyping can happen I get negative impacts on our learners and learning outcomes. We know that stereotypes can alienate learners make them feel excluded or misrepresented, it can impact their engagement and motivation. We know that stereotypes can create a bias learning environment, perpetuating stereotypes, perpetuating misconceptions and reinforcing harmful prejudices. We know that stereotypes can limit learners understanding of different cultures and experiences and prevent them from developing a well rounded worldview. And we also know that when learners can relate to the content and feel included, and represented and psychologically safe, they are more likely to engage, you're more likely to retain information, and even to develop a positive attitude towards learning. And I would also argue that being aware of avoiding stereotypes of Muslim women won't just help Muslim learners, you cannot really, you cannot truly have an inclusive learning environment until everyone is included. And that includes most women, right. And so that is my instructional design pleasing argument. But as learning professionals, we know what the right thing is. We know we want to do the right thing. But I know that we don't live in a world when we live in a world where numbers and ROI matter more than human beings. So I can give you a co pleasing argument too. She said half jokingly. So creating closer burning content is also a smart business decision. Because it can lead to increase engagement, whether retention rates, which can translate to better ROI for the company. Also, research shows that companies that prioritize diversity and inclusion are more likely to attract and retain top talent and to appeal to a wider customer base. So we by doing this work, we're not just being inclusive, we're also helping the growth and success of the company. All right. So here are some strategies that company's reputation matters very good. So I have prepared some strategies for avoiding stereotyping was implement. The first one is doing research conducting research, it's important to do your due diligence to conduct yourself and to conduct research to educate yourself. To understand the diverse backgrounds and experiences of Muslim women that is crucial. It's important to understand that was when women come from diverse ethnic, national, cultural and socio economic backgrounds, and their experiences and perspectives differ

widely and significantly from each other. So it's important to educate yourself and do do research. Consult reputable sources, academic peer reviewed sources, interview, or interviews with Muslim women. And that can help ensure that your content is accurate, well informed and respectful. I have some book and article recommendations, which I will share at the end of the session as a Google Documents. Then involving Muslim women in content creation, and I cannot stress this enough. If you want to be truly inclusive, you need to invite Muslim women. If you want to embrace diversity, you should embrace diversity, you should embrace multiple perspectives of Muslim women. You should showcase the various experiences and voices and contributions. And that means involving them in the content creation. Collaborate by collaborating with them as subject matter experts as reviewers, you can bring them to review your content, or you can consult with them. That would help make sure that your content is culturally sensitive and inclusive, but pay them if you bring them in. As reviewers as subject matter experts or as consultants, don't forget to pay them. And then beware of the elements where so your types often sneak in I have a full slide on this. There are three elements that I think these types of stereotypes always often seem to sneak in. So I will discuss this in that slide. And then the fourth one, which I have also devoted three slides to is beware of the common pitfalls. So there are three common mistakes that I've seen in elearning content, overgeneralization one dimensional portrayals, and failing to provide context. So I'm going to start with the elements and then talk about the common pitfalls. So I should also mention that like, the first part of my presentation, the part about stereotypes are stereotypes of Muslim women. Those came from a lot of research, peer reviewed articles and books. But the second half of my presentation, it's, I like I haven't found any research that's done in the area. So these are based on my personal observations and experiences. So the first element that I see this happening a lot students and stereotypes of sneaking are scenarios are scenario versus learning and narratives. And if you think about what I said at the beginning of a session about activation application of stereotypes, and I gave you an example, when when when we decide to include them with a woman in our narrative or scenario, the stereotypes are being activated in our subconscious, the intention is good, I want to be inclusive, I want to include Muslim women. But whether or not I want it, those stereotypes are being activated. But you know, what we need to do is to make ourselves aware, to intervene before we apply them. So activated stereotypes will be applied if we don't intervene. So one of the elements that I see this happening a lot is in scenarios and other narratives. Then the other element that I see this happening often is graphics and images. I often see like these images in elearning content, they're basically a lot of them that are tokenizing wisdom. And it's like, someone just dropped in a picture of a Muslim woman to say, I'm being inclusive, don't do that, don't tokenize. But if you're going to use only a single image of a Muslim woman, try not to choose images that perpetuate the stereotypes that we discussed, that they're dismissed, that they're submissive, that they're aggressive. And I will show you examples of this. And then finally, this one is the sneakiest. One, it's very subtle, it's very nuanced. It happens in the language that we use. And it so the verbs that we choose the nouns that the adjectives that we use to describe Muslim women, it often happens when be used on intentionally when we use language in a way that implies a value judgment or generalizes Muslim generalizes Muslim women. I saw somewhere that it was when women's attire was described as I think it was restrictive. And so what's that that's doing is perpetuating the stereotype that was when women are oppressed, they have no choice in what they wear. Alright, so these are the elements. And now these are the common pitfalls. The first one is over generalizations. So what is over generalization? It's when we over generalize the experiences of Muslim women that means when we portray them as a homogenous groups, they all look alike, they all think alike. They all act alight act alike, they all behave alike, which is very inaccurate because there's a rich diversity within the Muslim community within the Muslim community. And they don't all dress alike. They don't they don't have the same values the same culture. All right, just a second. Oh, okay. I've been just told that my slides Okay, I'm gonna have to present again, sorry about that. Since when did my slides stop? Alright. Just to get a second. They don't know what went wrong. Okay,

Okay. I apologize for this

let me see what happened here. Right. Okay, I am going to do this again and see if it works this time

Thank you. All right. It seems like for a very long time, you weren't seeing what I was saying. Alright. Okay, so that's the beginning. I want to go to Okay, overgeneralization All right. I apologize for that. So, like I was saying, overgeneralization is when. So when we portray them as homogenous. And in order to avoid this pitfall we need to focus on. First of all, we need to focus on individual experiences rather than blanket assumptions. And we need to acknowledge the diversity within the Muslim community, we should be very careful with the language we use examples that we provide this should be nuanced, we should avoid using images that depict Muslim woman only. In traditional closing, that stereotype was reinforced in stereotypes that they all dress in the same way. And so in this slide, and the next two, I'm going to give three examples. These are based on real modules, but I did couldn't get the permission to show you the actual content. So I'm just summarizing some parts and I made some changes. But they're based on actual elearning content. So the example that I want to give give here is, there was an elearning course for healthcare professionals. It was about cultural competence. And there was a video in that the narrator advised doctors who always make sure that their Muslim women patients had access to transport safe transportation options, because Muslim women were not allowed to drive. So this is an example how stereotypes can sneak into the language that we use or into the scenarios that we use by saying that Muslim women are not allowed to drive. Like they're portraying almost remember as oppress as lacking agency as being dependent on other people. And it's actually really false like so in there are some Muslim women who can't drive. But that is not true about all Muslim women. Right. And so it's overgeneralizing. And to avoid this particular in this particular example, I would fix it by the generator, or like, I would probably just use it more precise language instead of saying almost women, or instead of saying Muslim women are not allowed to drive I would say, in some Muslim communities, the men may not be allowed to drive. And so it's important to acknowledge the diversity within the Muslim community and avoid generalization pitfalls. And for those of you, for those of us who aren't sure what it means when I say rich diversity, but when I say they don't all look alike, or dress alike, or behave alike. And for those of us who think it's hard to find images that don't stereotype Muslim women, I'm just going to show you some images that I found that I think don't stereotype Muslim women, and I'm going to stay quiet awkwardly as you see these images.

Alright, so next one dimensional portrayals. This is another common pitfall. It portrays Muslim women solely as victims or oppress individuals, or aggressive or misogynistic without acknowledging their resilience, their agency, their achievements. And I'll give you another example. So I want to see how I'm doing on time. All right, five minutes ago, whoo. All right. Um, all the quick Okay, so an example of this is was, it was a scenario based learning for new managers about conflict resolution. And learners played the role of a new manager. And there was this group and team of eight people who were having teamwork issues they lack trust. An out of 10 Eight people on the team, the only person who was portrayed as submissive, as having no opinions as lacking agency was and was a woman. And learners were told a lot about the accomplishments of other team members. And the only person who was portrayed as one dimensionally as almost invisible was and wasn't woman. That is problematic because it's reinforcing stereotypes of Muslim women as being passive and submissive and not accomplished. It lacks complexity. So how I recommend to avoid this type of pitfall is portraying Muslim women as individuals with agency aspirations, accomplishments, showing them as complex human beings not one dimensional, highlighting their achievements, resilience, and avoiding language that implies value value judgment. And I again forgot to hit next. So the first the last pitfall is failing to provide context. An example was in a course on global business etiquette, there was a scenario there was a woman was present introduced as the head of a delegation from a Middle Eastern country. And she was poor, she was reading her job. And the content suggested that all was when women were required to wear hijab. And there was no additional context or explanation for for for the attire or for the cultural practices and beliefs associated with it. And this is, this was a course on global business etiquette, right. So there's a missed opportunity there, and there's a studio typing happening there. And to avoid this type of it again, forgot to click Next. I'm so sorry about that. And then, in order to avoid this type of people for this eLearning course, I would provide additional information about the cultural and religious significance and the diversity within Muslim community. But in general, for this type of pitfall I recommend providing context, avoiding using tokenism or using a single Muslim woman character or a Muslim woman image in the content without providing a very rounded portrayal and context. And I have an activity. I wanted us to watch a video and then talk about what stereotypes are perpetuated in it. And so this is a summary of the stereotypes that I gave. I talked about in this presentation. And I wanted us to watch this video. But I don't think we have time, right. Christina? No, one minute. All right. So I will. I am so sorry about that. So I will post this on my LinkedIn, feel free to connect with me on LinkedIn. And I would love if you want to have an informal discussion. Oh, you can go a bit over if you want to share the link here. All right. I can share the link. Okay, I closed them. YouTube link. So I instead of going and looking for it. Oh, so you can go a bit over if you want or share the link? Yeah. Okay. Is it okay, if I go? We can make time. Oh, all right. Okay, so I still have like some final words. And I don't know if he will have enough time for this activity. I really want to do this. Okay. I will skip this one. Just some firewalls. And I have some recommendations for you. This is a list of resources. I spoke with him this morning. I should have done this earlier. I apologize for that. But so this is open access. It's a Google Doc, where I have compiled a list of some nonfiction and only three fiction books about Muslim women their stereotypes and Islam and Islamophobia. But I will keep adding this as a live document. I will keep adding resources to it if you want to check it out. And then I also wanted to quickly tell you about an initiative called woman life freedom. If you're here, I assume you're you're cared about women. And the woman life freedom series or initiative is about empowering the woman led revolution in Iran. We are in the leadership is a group of instructional designers. We are leveraging the power of elearning to raise awareness about Iranian women about their mandates a revolution in Iran. Our vision is a democratic and peaceful Iran. And our mission is to educate people about the situation in Iran and to inspire them to take action. We need more people, we need people like you to step up and take the lead. No matter your skills and your interests. There's a room for you. There's you can help. So if you're interested in volunteering for this initiative, please reach out to me or Bella Bella is the head project leader. And our website is upcoming, I can't share it with you right now, but I will share it on my LinkedIn profile very soon. And so before I leave, I want to leave you with this quote from my favorite author, Samira Achmed, she is amazing. I haven't heard two of her books in the resources link. I'm tired of hiding old important parts of myself, that speaks to my heart that is so powerful. So thank you for joining me this session. I hope you found value in it. And don't forget to connect with me on LinkedIn. Thank you.

Please, Christina coming up. Christina, I'm sorry. I kept saying, Christina, I apologize for that.

Christine Thomas  
Oh, that's okay. So great job today. Thank you so much for sharing and providing us with the insight and perspective. Everybody should be able to see the links that were shared for the YouTube video. I think there were a couple Google Docs that were out there, and some additional content. So we will follow up. Again, all of these will be the sessions will be available via recording. So we appreciate everyone's time and hopefully we'll see you in the next session starting in nine minutes. So thank you so much again. tastic information.

Saeide Mirzaei  
Thank you. Bye.

Christine Thomas  
Bye bye, everybody.

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